Aligning Language Models Towards Counterfactual Invariance

arXiv:2610.22942v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Small variations in prompt characteristics can meaningfully alter the semantics, tone, and contextual assumptions of large language model outputs. Such characteristics can involve group variables such as demographics or other sensitive latent attributes. Sensitivity to such input variables is undesirable when demographic information is causally irrelevant to the task, but might still be relevant for generation of semantically coherent responses. This makes the task of enforcing counterfactual invariance while preserving model utility difficult.

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