Can We Trust This Evaluation? Instance-Level Reliability of LLM-as-a-Judge

arXiv:2610.14029v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-as-a-judge evaluation commonly aggregates multiple judges' decisions into a majority vote, yet this panel decision process does not guarantee that the evaluation of an individual item is reliable. We propose Structured Cross-fitted Uncertainty Risk (SCUR), a label-free approach for estimating instance-level evaluation reliability based on the judge panel's behavior. A latent measurement model serves as the backbone for measurement system analysis, from which SCUR derives three complementary signals capturing panel uncertainty, measurement c

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