CUSE: Fine-Grained Multimodal Unlearning with Counterfactual Guidance and On-Policy Self-Distillation

arXiv:2610.14763v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can reproduce sensitive, copyrighted, or unsafe information from their training data. Effective unlearning must remove target information while preserving non-target content, even within the same response. Existing methods typically apply uniform forgetting objectives to complete responses and rely on fixed, off-policy supervision, resulting in coarse token control and misalignment with the model's current behavior. We propose CUSE, a Counterfactual-guided Unlearning framework via on-policy Self-distillati

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