Does Multi-Agent Collaboration Pay When Agents Serve Users? Testing Agent Scaling in Dual-Control Settings

arXiv:2610.27655v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent systems (MAS) built from language models are deployed on the premise that collaboration beats a single-agent system (SAS), yet when it pays is unclear. The most systematic study to date gives a capability-saturation rule: coordination helps while the SAS is weak and hurts once it is strong, with the crossing near 45% single-agent accuracy. That rule was derived on autonomous benchmarks, where no user takes part. We test it where agents now work: in conversation with a user under a written policy, on $\tau^2$-bench, the dual-control be

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