Don't Inoculate Everything: Stratified Inoculation Prompting Narrows Backdoor Triggers and Preserves Desired Traits

arXiv:2609.35356v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Supervised fine-tuning can teach language models undesired behaviours alongside desired ones. Inoculation prompting (IP) aims to limit unwanted generalisation by requesting the undesired behaviour during training and removing the request at inference. However, undesired behaviour can still appear under unrelated prompts. IP can also hinder learning of the desired behaviour. We address these limitations in settings where both behaviours co-occur in most training examples, so filtering out examples with undesired behaviour leaves only a small c

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