FALCA: Falsification-Aware Reinforcement Learning with Hierarchical Credit Assignment for Long-Horizon Deep Search Agents

arXiv:2610.28361v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon deep search requires LLM agents to iteratively decompose complex information needs, gather evidence from external sources, and maintain a reliable research state under multiple constraints. A central challenge is that early mistakes can be amplified over the search trajectory: agents may anchor on an incorrect candidate, collect partially supporting evidence, overlook contradictions, and accumulate errors that misguide subsequent reasoning. We propose FALCA, a falsification-aware framework that formulates deep search as a propose-fal

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