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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational9 October 2026

From Surface to Depth: Towards Cognitive Appraisal Reasoning in Multimodal Emotion Understanding

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arXiv:2610.11918v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) increasingly incorporate explainable reasoning for emotion understanding. However, reasoning based mainly on observable affective cues can reduce emotion understanding to superficial cue-label associations, giving rise to the Clever Hans effect. Such shortcuts become unreliable when affective cues are implicit, conflicting across modalities, linguistically misleading, or obscured by redundant details. In contrast, human emotions are shaped by how individuals interpret and evaluate surrounding even
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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