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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational19 October 2026

Frozen Models, Evolving Expertise: Model-Agnostic Learning from Deployment Experience for Multimodal Medical AI

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arXiv:2610.09146v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) are usually frozen after deployment, so they do not learn from the cases they solve. This is especially concerning in medicine, where new clinical evidence, updated guidelines, and new therapies can change established practice. Fine-tuning can update the model, but it requires access to model weights and additional training. Parameter-free methods avoid training, but they may overfit a fixed validation set, lack reliable domain knowledge, or lose visual details by saving experienc
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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