NVIDIA Spectrum-X: Hardware-Accelerated Multiplane Networking for Large-Scale AI Training

arXiv:2605.21187v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As distributed model training scales to span hundreds of thousands of GPUs, scale-out networks face unprecedented performance and efficiency demands. NVIDIA Spectrum-X Ethernet has been designed from the ground up to achieve predictable and stable network performance with high utilization and low latency. This paper presents the Spectrum-X multiplane architecture, which replaces hierarchical depth with topological parallelism, and introduces hardware-accelerated load balancing in NICs and switches as the key architectural approach to pr

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