Orthogonal Boundary Unlearning for Dual-Use Concepts in Large Language Models

arXiv:2610.27490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mitigating catastrophic risks from large language models requires excising hazardous operational capabilities, such as cyberwarfare exploitation and pathogen enhancement, without degrading benign scientific utility. In these dual-use domains, legitimate defensive science and malicious attacks share vocabulary, syntax, and internal model representations, causing standard unlearning methods to induce severe collateral damage (concept bleeding). In this work, we present Orthogonal Boundary Unlearning (OBU), a mathematically grounded framework desi

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