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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational21 October 2026

Penumbra: Sample-Efficient Adversarial Search for Regulatory Obligations

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arXiv:2610.04693v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Agents are entering finance, healthcare and law, sectors where a violation leaves no lexical signature and carries real penalties. Whether an omission is material, or a disclosure sufficient, depends on what the response left out. Probing such an obligation means finding responses one minimal edit from flipping compliance, and every probe costs a generation and two adjudications, so the binding constraint on regulatory red-teaming is sample efficiency, not volume. We introduce Penumbra, an adversarial search that walks from a verified anchor
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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