Poli-Bias: Understanding and Measuring Large Language Model Biases in International Political Conflicts

arXiv:2608.06123v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Measuring political bias in large language models (LLMs) remains challenging as it can manifest through subtle differences in framing, argumentation, and legal reasoning that are difficult to capture with a single metric. In this work, we introduce POLI-BIAS, a counterfactual framework for measuring whether LLMs treat legally equivalent conflict scenarios differently depending on the countries involved. POLI-BIAS compares responses to paired prompts in which country identities are systematically swapped across diverse geopolitical relationshi

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