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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational19 October 2026

R$^2$ Flow: Recursive Self-Improvement via Recursive Skill Evolution

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arXiv:2609.33867v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-based agents can improve themselves across tasks by reusing and revising the skills they orchestrate into executable procedures. Flow-based training fits this loop: it samples procedures in proportion to reward, and the flow through each skill credits it for the next library revision. Three obstacles stand in the way of making this self-improvement reliable: flow training suffers strategy collapse over tree-structured histories; nonnegative flow-based credit rewards frequent use as if it were benefit; and library edits rest on the task re
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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