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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational9 October 2026

Rethinking the Tradeoff Between Temporal Encoding and Nonlinear Computation in Spiking Language Models

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arXiv:2610.10933v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spiking language models face a tradeoff between representing continuous semantic features over short temporal windows and retaining costly nonlinear attention operations. We introduce Spora, which jointly designs spike encodings and attention operators. Binary temporal weights let $T$ spikes represent compositional values with up to $T$ bits of capacity, compared with $O(\log_2 T)$ bits for spike-count readout. Unipolar Binary Spiking (UBS) uses thresholds and spike-triggered residual decay to produce non-negative integer codes; Bipolar Binary
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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