Specification-Based Testing of Large Language Models

arXiv:2610.14443v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Model cards, system cards, and safety reports increasingly document LLM safety behaviors, yet safety evaluations typically start from predefined benchmarks rather than asking which documented claims those benchmarks actually test. We introduce LEST (LLM Evaluation through Specification-driven Testing), a framework that treats documented safety claims as specifications for black-box testing. In LEST, each claim determines which benchmark prompt tests it and whether a Refuse-to-Comply transition, where a model refuses a prompt but complies with i

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