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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational9 October 2026

Strategic Governance of AI Models in Earth Science

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arXiv:2610.10560v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI foundation models pretrained on weather and climate data are increasingly fine-tuned to Earth science tasks well beyond weather forecasting. Their development and adoption are outpacing the scientific community's ability to evaluate them. These models are judged almost entirely by benchmark skill metrics, which measure how closely a forecast reproduces a reference product but not whether a model represents the physical processes governing the system it predicts. Forecast skill and physical reliability are therefore distinct properties. The d
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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