Surfing the Activation Wave: Analyzing the Information and Geometry of LLM Hidden States for Speculative Decoding

arXiv:2610.12939v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Decoder hidden states from different layers of large language models (LLMs) often encode complementary information. However, existing speculative decoding methods typically rely on a small set of target-model layers chosen using fixed, position-based heuristics. Selecting an optimal subset of layers is inherently a combinatorial problem, making exhaustive evaluation infeasible even for moderately deep models. In this work, we present a principled framework for multi-layer hidden-state selection for speculative decoding based on two complementar

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