When Harnesses Lose the Signal: Causal Evaluation of Recovery in LLM Agents

arXiv:2610.00372v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents rely on external harnesses to pass information between the model and its environment and to recover from execution errors. Yet recovery is usually judged only by average task success. This hides an important tension. The same operation can rescue a failing trajectory or disrupt one that would otherwise succeed. We frame recovery as a causal decision problem. Starting from the same execution state, we compare what happens with and without recovery, separate rescue from harm, and study how the value of recovery changes o

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