WISE-ATTA: When to Ask for Labels in Budgeted Active Test-Time Adaptation

arXiv:2609.37687v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Active test-time adaptation (ATTA) improves robustness under distribution shift by updating a deployed model during inference while selectively querying supervision. However, most existing ATTA methods implicitly assume that supervision can be requested for every incoming test batch, which can incur substantial annotation cost over long test streams. In this work, we introduce budgeted ATTA in which labels are available for only a fraction of test batches. This formulation shifts the central challenge from deciding what to label within a batc

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