Frame Evidence:A Benchmark for Reference Frames and Visual Evidence in Multi-Image Spatial Reasoning

arXiv:2610.19564v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A spatial answer depends on the reference frame specified in language and its supporting visual evidence. Item accuracy alone obscures whether correctness persists when either changes. We introduce Frame Evidence, a benchmark of 320 matched triplets and 960 Chinese multiple-choice questions from captured and rendered scenes. One family compares three grounded reference frames over fixed images. The other pairs image deletion annotated as insufficient with answer-preserving addition. Joint metrics require correct answers across all three

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