Hindsight-Privileged RLVR: Single-Rollout Token Credit Without Group Sampling

arXiv:2610.20497v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) trains language models from checked task outcomes, but assigning a terminal reward to individual reasoning tokens or actions remains difficult. Group-relative methods such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) sample several attempts per prompt, but lose their reward-based learning signal when all attempts receive the same outcome. We propose Hindsight-Privileged RLVR (HP-RLVR), a single-rollout method that turns a completed trajectory's own future into token-level update weig

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