Interpretable but Fragile? Robustness of Concept Bottlenecks under Geometric-Semantic Perturbations

arXiv:2609.38625v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are designed to provide interpretable intermediate representations, yet how such bottlenecks affect robustness remains unclear, with existing studies reporting mixed and sometimes contradictory findings. We argue that these discrepancies arise from conflating different robustness notions and perturbation regimes, rather than from fundamental disagreements about CBMs themselves. To disentangle these factors, we introduce a generator-based evaluation framework that enables controlled comparisons between st

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