Learning to Outgrow a Theory: Experimental Discovery Beyond the Initial Hypothesis Space

arXiv:2610.07627v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific discovery systems typically optimize experiments within a fixed hypothesis space. This creates a failure mode when all available candidates omit the same missing mechanism: candidate disagreement can collapse even while the model class is systematically wrong. We formulate experimental model-class revision, in which a discovery policy jointly proposes a structural edit and a diagnostic experiment that tests whether that edit is necessary. The method couples a class-level distinguishability objective, in which one shared parameterizatio

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