Qubit-centric Transformer for Surface Code Decoding

arXiv:2510.11593v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For reliable large-scale quantum computation, quantum error correction (QEC) is essential to protect logical information distributed across multiple physical qubits. Taking advantage of recent advances in deep learning, neural network-based decoders have emerged as a promising approach to improve the reliability of QEC. We propose the qubit-centric transformer (QCT), a novel and universal QEC decoder based on a transformer architecture with a qubit-centric attention mechanism. Our decoder transforms input syndromes from the stabilizer d

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