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arXiv — cs.AI preprintsInternational7 October 2026

Where Rules End and Judges Begin: Measuring the Judgment Boundary in Multi-Agent Systems Security

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arXiv:2610.07657v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) engage tools, share memory, and delegate tasks, often encountering adversarial content. Current defenses for MAS are typically evaluated in isolation, focusing on one attack type at a time, which can lead to costly and hard-to-audit outcomes. This study organizes defenses into five principles, implementing them as DEFER1 (DEterministic-First Enforcement with Residual judgment), which includes a cascade of 28 checks that blocks what it can and refers the rest to a panel of four judges. In independent testing acr
— arXiv — cs.AI preprints

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